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FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA 2012 (20), LIV., pp. 128-145

Vývojové Trendy a Dynamika Procesu Rezidenčnej Suburbanizácie v Zázemí Prešova

Trends and Dynamics of Residential Suburbanization in the Hinterland of Prešov

Alena Lukáčová A*

Received: June 15, 2012 | Revised: September 10, 2012 | Accepted: October 5, 2012

A* University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia alen.lukacova@unipo.sk (corresponding author)

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Abstract

Suburbanization as one of the processes changing the intraurban structure of the town and its hinterland presents the key research problem of the given article. To measure or in some aspect characterize the dynamics of suburbanization is rather a complex problem. There has been realized an intensive research in Prešov hinterland on suburbanization in recent ten years. The study and analysis of research materials enables us to point out some peculiar development trends of the process, as well as to outline the prognosis of its further progression. The article is aimed at several key questions – migration tendencies, development of housing construction and dwelling, social aspects and separation, and prognosis of suburban development in the hinterland of Prešov.

Key words: Prešov, suburbanization, residential areas, suburban zone, hinterland, migration, community

Summary

Trends and Dynamics of Residential Suburbanization in the Hinterland of Prešov

There has been realized an intensive research in Prešov hinterland on suburbanization in recent ten years. The study and analysis of research materials enabled us to point out some peculiar development trends of the process, as well as to outline the prognosis of its further progression. The article was aimed at several key questions – migration tendencies, development of housing construction and dwelling, social aspects and separation, and prognosis of further suburban development in the hinterland of Prešov.
Suburbanization is rather a young phenomenon appearing in the Slovak society in the first half of the 1990s. The natural evolution of the settlement structure was disturbed by the period of socialism. The Slovak cities began to follow the western patterns in the last two decades, however with the strong mark of the previous era. Suburbanization as a process that changes the intra-urban structure of has been in the Prešov environment observed and studied in recent decade. The key issue was to express the quantitative and qualitative aspects of residential suburbanization, its extent, dynamics, impact, and future direction. In the article, we have tried to express these aspects through a study of selected demographic, economic and social indicators like migration, housing construction, and social climate. Based on the results of the dynamic changes in residential construction, migration trends and changes in social structure, it is possible to specify the following types of residential suburbanization in terms of its developmental stages:
a) The first phase of residential suburbanization (the first half of the 1990s) is typical for spatial disperse development forms including the construction of solitary residences scattered on former agricultural plots within the community. Another spatial form of this period is an additional residential suburbanization, with the construction of new houses on free plots within the built-up area surrounded by houses of the original inhabitants.
b) The second phase of residential suburbanization (second half of the 1990s) was characterized by the intensification of residential construction and significant migration of population from cities to suburban areas. In terms of spatial development, a compact form of residential suburbanization can be identified in Prešov hinterland in the second period. The compact residential suburbanization is an advanced form of suburban development, characterized by the construction of big complexes of family houses in a pre-allocated area managed by the real estate developer or a firm.
c) The third phase of residential suburbanization (since the year 2000 up to the beginning of economic crisis) occurred mainly in the form of compact suburban development. Due to the real estate agents and developers the spontaneous residential development becomes more controlled and regulated.
All these forms of suburban development could be nowadays observed in the suburban area in lesser or greater extent. Their intensity and occurrence is highly differentiated and selective depending on many factors. Short-term projections of population development in the city of Prešov and its suburban zone showed that in the oncoming decade the population of the city will continue to decline, mainly due to emigration and natural decrease, and in 2020 may reach the level of 89 436 inhabitants. On the other hand, the suburban zone of Prešov is tending to increase its population, mostly through the migration from the inner city.

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