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Folia Geographica 2017, 59/2, pp. 5-17

KRAJINNÁ ŠTRUKTÚRA NÁRODNEJ PRÍRODNEJ REZERVÁCIE SIVÁ BRADA V ROKOCH 1877, 1957, 2015 A JEJ SÚČASNÝ STAV Z ASPEKTU OCHRANY

THE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE SIVÁ BRADA IN YEARS 1877, 1957, 2015 AND ITS CURRENT STATUS FROM THE ASPECT OF NATURE PROTECTION

Eva MICHAELI A*, Vladimír SOLÁR B, Monika IVANOVÁ C

Received: January 16, 2016 | Revised: January 26, 2017 | Accepted: February 10, 2017 Paper No. 17-59/2-504

A* University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia eva.michaeli@unipo.sk (corresponding author)

B University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia vladimir.solar@unipo.sk

C University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia monika.ivanova@unipo.sk

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Abstract National Nature Reserve Sivá Brada is located in the eastern part of Hornádska kotlina basin and is under the administration of the State Nature Conservancy of the National Park Slovenský raj. Sivá Brada was declared a nature reserve in 1979 (later in 2002 as a National Nature Reserve) and belongs to the fourth degree of protection under Decree no. 543/2002 Coll. „The Law of Nature and Landscape Protection“ of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. The purposes of nature protection are the forms of relief at the youngest Holocene travertine hill and rare halophytic and xerophilous species of plants and halophytic communities of wetlands on the travertine hill and in its vicinity. The National Nature Reserve has a high natural, historical, and cultural value, and its protection is important in maintaining a precious natural structure for future generations and for scientific research. The domain of research was the development of classes of land cover in three time horizons – 1877, 1957, and 2015 – and the research impact of human activity on the National Nature Reserve. The main aim of this paper is to point out the formation and evolution of the landscape structure in the National Nature Reserve Sivá Brada using data of land cover classes from the years 1877, 1957, and 2015, as well as to highlight the current state of protection.

Key words National Nature Reserve (NNR), travertine hill, Carpathian salty wetlands, nature protection, Sivá Brada

SUMMARY

THE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE SIVÁ BRADA IN YEARS 1877, 1957, 2015 AND ITS CURRENT STATUS FROM THE ASPECT OF NATURE PROTECTION

Travertine hills around Spišské Podhradie form an impressive group that cannot be overlooked. The values of their outstanding natural structure are compounded by the significant historical and archaeological objects and together create a unique and unrepeatable whole, not only in Central Europe. This fact is compounded by the international acknowledgment of their natural values of excellence and their inclusion in the European system of protected areas Natura 2000 as Spišskopodhradské travertíny (Area Code / kód územia: SKUEV 0105). Changes that travertine around Spišské Podhradie has undergone are predominantly negative and destroy their unique features, so all sites of travertine hills are protected (different levels of protection), and two of them, Dreveník and Sivá Brada, have the status of a National Nature Reserve. Sivá Brada belongs to the fourth degree of nature protection according to Act no. 543/2002 Coll. of the National Council of the Slovak Republic on nature and landscape protection, which sets out all the series of actions that are prohibited in the National Nature Reserve. Formally, Sivá Brada is adequately protected by law, but practice shows that the law is in this case constantly violated. The State Nature Conservancy of the Slovak Republic does not check for strict observance of the law at this rare territory and ignores its obligations. This underestimates the importance of the National Nature Reserve from the aspect of its preservation for scientific research and for future generations.

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