FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA

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Folia Geographica 2014, 56/1, pp. 57-68

ANALÝZA STAVU ERÓZIE PÔDY A PROTIERÓZNYCH OPATRENÍ V ČÍNSKOM REGIÓNE SPRAŠOVÁ TABUĽA

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF SOIL EROSION AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES IN THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA

Štefan KOCO A*, Stanislav TORMA B, Jozef VILČEK C, Gabriela BARANČÍKOVÁ D, Yanan TONG E, Lianyou LIANG F, Puhui JI G, Tingyu HOU H

Received: December 10, 2013 | Revised: January 15, 2014 | Accepted: February 15, 2014

A* University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia; National Agricultural & Food Centre, Soil Science & Conservation Research Institute, Gagarinova 10, 827 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
stefan.koco@unipo.sk; s.koco@vupop.sk (corresponding author)
B National Agricultural & Food Centre, Soil Science & Conservation Research Institute, Gagarinova 10, 827 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
s.torma@vupop.sk
C University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia; National Agricultural & Food Centre, Soil Science & Conservation Research Institute, Gagarinova 10, 827 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
jozef.vilcek@unipo.sk; j.vilcek@vupop.sk
D National Agricultural & Food Centre, Soil Science & Conservation Research Institute, Gagarinova 10, 827 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
g.barancikova@vupop.sk
E Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, 3 Taicheng Street, Yangling City, Shaanxi Province, P. R. of China, China
tongyanan@nwsuaf.edu.cn
F Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, 3 Taicheng Street, Yangling City, Shaanxi Province, P. R. of China, China
G Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, 3 Taicheng Street, Yangling City, Shaanxi Province, P. R. of China, China
H Northwest Agricultural & Forest University, 3 Taicheng Street, Yangling City, Shaanxi Province, P. R. of China, China

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Abstract
Soil erosion is one of the most serious soil degradation processes in the world. Inception and progression of erosion is conditioned by a combination of natural and by human influences factors. Long-term highest values of soil sediments runoff is in the Loess Plateau in China. The paper summarizes information about the intensity and consequences of soil erosion in this area. It also describes the implemented soil conservation measures and their effects on the land stabilization of the Loess Plateau. Significantly values of soil sediments runoff in the half of 20th century, in some places reached up to 530 t.ha-1.year-1 have been for the last 60 years reduced by 87 %. The current average value of soil sediments runoff is in the range of 10-25 t.ha-1.year-1. Loess Plateau provides sufficient scope for studying the phenomenon of erosion and its effects and research ways to prevent it.

Key words
Soil erosion, Soil conservation, Loess Plateau, Yellow River, China

SUMMARY

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF SOIL EROSION AND SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES IN THE LOESS PLATEAU OF CHINA
Knowing the causes of erosion inception and progression is important component part of efforts to conservation the soil resources of the world. China, as the country most affected by these problems in the last decades expended significant efforts to reduce this phenomenon and restore country devastated by erosion. As one of the best-known areas in the world, the Loess Plateau, has long been suffering from serious soil erosion. This region is located in an unstable climate area with thick layers of lightly erodible loess. It is also a core region of origin and evolution of the Chinese nation with evidence of human activity exceeding 5,000 years. Permanent population growth resulted in almost total destruction of natural plant communities due to the expansion of land for agricultural purposes. Uncontrolled devastation of the area peaked in the half of 20th century when 1/6 of area reached values of soil sediments runoff over 80 t.ha-1.year-1. Simultaneously 80 % of sediments in the Yellow River came precisely from this area. This led to the projects launching Knowing the causes of erosion inception and progression is important component part of efforts to conservation the soil resources of the world. China, as the country most affected by these problems in the last decades expended significant efforts to reduce this phenomenon and restore country devastated by erosion. As one of the best-known areas in the world, the Loess Plateau, has long been suffering from serious soil erosion. This region is located in an unstable climate area with thick layers of lightly erodible loess. It is also a core region of origin and evolution of the Chinese nation with evidence of human activity exceeding 5,000 years. Permanent population growth resulted in almost total destruction of natural plant communities due to the expansion of land for agricultural purposes. Uncontrolled devastation of the area peaked in the half of 20th century when 1/6 of area reached values of soil sediments runoff over 80 t.ha-1.year-1. Simultaneously 80 % of sediments in the Yellow River came precisely from this area. This led to the projects launching

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