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FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA 2013 (21), LV., pp. 139-164

Realizácia Agroenvironmentálnych Opatrení na Poľnohospodárskej Pôde v Rámci Regiónov SR

Implementation of Agri-Environmental Measures on Agricultural Land in the Regions of Slovakia

Adriana Zverková A, Martina Zverková B*

Received: November 10, 2012 | Revised: January 15, 2013 | Accepted: March 10, 2013

A National Agricultural & Food Centre, Soil Science & Conservation Research Institute, Gagarinova 10, 827 13 Bratislava, Slovakia a.zverkova@vupop.sk
B* University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia tobin@unipo.sk (corresponding author)

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Abstract

Agri-environment support is an attempt to integrate agricultural and environmental policy in order to greening managment in agricultural land, protection of the essential elements of the environment, mitigate climate change, biodiversity conservation, natural and cultural heritage. This contribution evaluates the application of agri-environmental measures on agricultural land in Slovakia during the second programming period of the Rural Development Programme 2007 – 2013 by the Slovak regions for the individual regions. The analysis of ten agri-environment sub-measures as well as their geographic location and cartographic interpretation were performed using geographic information system instruments. Its results form the basis for an important input for the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of state environmental measures with regard to the formulation of proposals and recommendations for action to the next programming period 2014 – 2020.

Key words: Agri-environmental measures, LPIS (Land Production and Identification System), GIS, agricultural soil, Rural Development Programme

Summary

Implementation of Agri-Environmental Measures on Agricultural Land in the Regions of Slovakia

This paper is contribution to the evaluation of the implementation of agri-environmental measures on agricultural land in Slovakia during the second programming period of the Rural Development Programme 2007 – 2013. The analysis was made for the period 2008 – 2012 for different regions of Slovakia, at the regional level. The results can be considered sufficiently representative to enable them to be an important input base for the purpose of evaluating status and development of the efficiency of agri-environmental measures with regard to the formulation of proposals and recommendations for the next programming period 2014 – 2020.
Agri-environmental measures of the Rural Development Programme in Slovakia are divided into three groups: Procedures environmentally responsible (Basic support, Integrated production and Organic farming), Soil protection measures (Protection against erosion on arable land, Protection against erosion in vineyards, Protection against erosion in orchards and Grassing of arable land) and the third group Conservation of biodiversity (Protection of biotopes of semi-natural and natural grassland, Protection of selected birds species biotopes, Breeding and preserving of endangered animal species).
A partial view of the efficiency of agri-environmental measures implemented in Slovakia can be obtained through an indicator of the proportion of land area, in which submeasures were made, from the total agricultural land registered in LPIS within corresponding cultures (tab. 17). We analyzed the area of the sub-measure from the year when the largest across the board area was achieved. In terms of individual cultures agri-environmental measures were implemented significantly in the slightest range on arable land, only just over 10% of arable land registered in LPIS. The largest range of measures have been implemented on agricultural land under permanent grassland, more then 50% of permanent grassland registered in LPIS. In the vineyards, the measures were implemented on an area of more than 34% of the vineyards registered in LPIS. In orchards, the measures were implemented on an area within 30% of the orchards registered in LPIS.
The implementation of agri-environmental measures on agricultural land in Slovakia, reduces the risk of damage of natural resources or, creates opportunities for improving the quality especially of land, water and of biota. Measures, the application of which is reflected in the highest environmental effects were realized on a very small part of the agricultural land in Slovakia. Grassing of arable land was took place on an area 1,34%, Organic farming on 3,34%, Protection against erosion on arable land 6,16% of the arable land registered in LPIS. This significantly reduces the effectiveness of these measures within the whole Slovakia. We assume that the overall environmental effect of their effectiveness has been reduced owing to the economic inefficiency of certain compensatory payments. A pronounced example is the sub-measure Protection against erosion on arable land by acceptable plot size (soil block), in which the compensation payment was significantly undersized, although this erosion control measure is one of the most effective in terms of soil protection against degradation by water erosion and reduce the range of relating negative consequences.

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