FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA

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FOLIA GEOGRAPHICA 2013 (21), LV., pp. 119-128

VYBRANÉ VPLYVY CESTOVNÉHO RUCHU NA REGIÓN A TEORETICKÉ VÝCHODISKÁ PERCEPCIE CESTOVNÉHO RUCHU

SELECTED IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN REGION AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF TOURISM

Emília SABOLOVÁ A*

Received: October 30, 2012 | Revised: January 10, 2013 | Accepted: March 5, 2013

A* University of Prešov, 17. novembra 1, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia
emiliasabolova@gmail.com (corresponding author)

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Abstract
This paper provides an overview of selected impacts of tourism in a particular region. These impacts were based on analysis of available literature divided into economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. Each of these effects has their negative and positive aspects. The second part is an overview of the most important research methods and theoretical basis of residents’ perception of tourism. This includes Butlers model, Doxey irritation index and demonstration effect. A tourism impact attitude scale is important methods to survey of tourism perception.

Key words
Impacts of tourism, Doxey irritation index, tourism impact attitude scale

SUMMARY

SELECTED IMPACTS OF TOURISM IN REGION AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF RESIDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF TOURISM
The tourism is important to the region where it takes place. His influence is especially important for residents and the local economy. It is known that tourism has economical, environmental, social and cultural impacts, which may be expressed negatively, respectively positive. These impacts will grow along with the development of tourism and the negative effects unless properly controlled, can affect the sustainability of tourism. For this reason, must be the concept of sustainable development applied to tourism and should be an important part of his base.
Economic impacts of tourism have an influence on the economic situation of host community. They include features such as higher prices, employment, income and infrastructure development. Socio-cultural impact of tourism affects the social and cultural life of the population, such as quality of life, the quality of some services, cultural events, heritage, traditions, as well as crime and traffic jam. Environmental aspects of tourism have negative effects or damage, such as pollution of air, soil, water, noise and depletion of natural resources. The tourism has of course not only negative but also positive impacts on a particular region, a destination. As shown in the literature, tourism promotion is the essence of host community to achieve success in tourism development.
The growing impact of tourism on residents caused the increasing interest of researchers from various fields of science, which focus on a variety of factors as well as the perception of tourism research. The paper presents an overview of theoretical results that are used in research and perception of tourism in examining the impact of tourism on the specific location. To analyze the impact of tourism and the attitudes of residents there are several theoretical basis and models. The most important and influential one Doxey’s Irridex ‘‘Irritation Index’’. One of the standardized instruments that were used in the research is “Tourist impact attitude scale” (TIAS), which was developed by Lankford and Howard (1994). This scale allows you to measure attitudes the residents to tourism in different contexts. This research method was used in the past decades in various scientific studies.
These impacts of tourism do not belong only to geographic research and have also the multidisciplinary status. The evaluation and understanding of the impact on the residents is important for planning and management of tourism.

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